{"id":330,"date":"2026-03-18T09:14:38","date_gmt":"2026-03-18T09:14:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nia.ucd.ie\/?p=330"},"modified":"2026-03-18T09:16:58","modified_gmt":"2026-03-18T09:16:58","slug":"ieee-wcnc-2025-open-ran-workshop-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nia.ucd.ie\/?p=330","title":{"rendered":"IEEE WCNC 2025 Open RAN Workshop Report"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- Use system fonts & smooth modern styling --><\/p>\n<div class=\"article-card\">\n<p><!-- cover image: dynamic full width, original proportions --><\/p>\n<div class=\"cover-wrapper\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"cover-img aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/media.licdn.com\/dms\/image\/v2\/D5612AQGuh5afXY32bQ\/article-cover_image-shrink_720_1280\/B56ZXIcTzJHEAI-\/0\/1742824620112?e=1775692800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=Ov2159WSQwreTbetmSaKARyLIgcUov0VzK-qN_sDjsg\" alt=\"Open RAN conference hall\" width=\"925\" height=\"521\" \/><\/div>\n<p><!-- author header area (clean, structured) --><\/p>\n<div class=\"author-section\">\n<div class=\"author-row\">\n<div class=\"author-lockup\">\n<div class=\"avatar-circle\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.licdn.com\/dms\/image\/v2\/C4D03AQGdSm8LL15qaA\/profile-displayphoto-shrink_100_100\/profile-displayphoto-shrink_100_100\/0\/1517043308833?e=1775692800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=FPKhIlrQXEFv7b4JxG7Rd3Kkmlz5ggx-cK8bnrLOUm4\" alt=\"Nima Afraz\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"author-text\">\n<h1>Nima Afraz<\/h1>\n<div class=\"author-tagline\">Assistant Professor at University College Dublin \u00b7 Vice-Chair at Hyperledger Telecom SIG \u00b7 Economics of Networks, Infrastructure sharing, Network Virtualization, Blockchain<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"publish-date\">March 24, 2025<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- main content --><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-grid\">\n<div class=\"workshop-meta\">\n<div><strong>\ud83d\udccd Location:<\/strong> Milan, Allianz Conference Centre \u2014 Aqua 1<\/div>\n<div><strong>\ud83d\udcc5 Date:<\/strong> March 24, 2025<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- workshop organisers (clean list) --><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: 2rem;\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 0.5rem;\">Workshop Organisers:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"organiser-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/nimaafraz\/\">Nima Afraz<\/a> (UCD, Ireland)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/mohammad-shojafar-6b673332\/\">Mohammad Shojafar<\/a> (Surrey, UK)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/ahmed-al-tahmeesschi\/\">Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi<\/a> (York, UK)<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/davidowens2\/\">David Owens<\/a> (Virgin Media O2)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- article body as structured blocks --><\/p>\n<div class=\"reader-content\">\n<p><!-- Session 1 keynote --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"block-heading-3\">Session 1: Keynote \u2013 \u201cMachine Learning in Open RAN, Opportunities, Challenges and the Way Forward\u201d<\/h3>\n<p class=\"block-paragraph\"><span class=\"speaker-line\">\ud83c\udfa4 Dr. Hamed Ahmadi, University of York, UK<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- image block: dynamic size, contain, responsive --><\/p>\n<div class=\"image-block\">\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/media.licdn.com\/dms\/image\/v2\/D5612AQEUhcQK6RSrdQ\/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488\/B56ZXIbn2AGoAU-\/0\/1742824440067?e=1775692800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=az_4565w0JpqoUiy7Y_JTdS6QjBC3fG-lNQ4ct-T0fY\" alt=\"Dr. Hamed Ahmadi presenting at keynote\" width=\"829\" height=\"622\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"block-paragraph\">Dr. Ahmadi\u2019s keynote set the stage by addressing how modern AI\/ML can transform Open RAN. Key points:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"block-list\">\n<li><strong>Open RAN Motivation:<\/strong> Break vendor lock\u2011in, disaggregate hardware\/software, foster innovation.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ML &amp; Digital Twins:<\/strong> Virtual network replicas for simulation, monitoring, optimisation (projects: YO\u2011RAN, REACH, ORAN\u2011TWIN).<\/li>\n<li><strong>AI\/ML Use Cases:<\/strong> energy saving, traffic steering, QoS prediction, anomaly detection.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Collaborative Research:<\/strong> Green, secure, privacy\u2011aware wireless \u2013 from rural broadband to smart digital platforms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"divider\" \/>\n<p><!-- panel discussion --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"block-heading-3\">Session 1: Interactive Panel Discussion<\/h3>\n<p class=\"block-paragraph\"><strong>Topic:<\/strong> \u201cCan Open RAN Break Vendor Dominance, Diversify the Market, and Benefit Operators?\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"block-paragraph\">Panel Chair: <strong>Dr. Nima Afraz<\/strong>, University College Dublin<\/p>\n<p class=\"block-paragraph\"><strong>Panelists:<\/strong> Fatemeh Afghah (Clemson), Hamed Ahmadi (York), Johann M. Marquez-Barja (imec\/UA), Waqas Bin Abbas (Bristol).<\/p>\n<p><!-- second panel image --><\/p>\n<div class=\"image-block\">\n<figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/media.licdn.com\/dms\/image\/v2\/D5612AQGS8Her_bnYfQ\/article-inline_image-shrink_1000_1488\/B56ZXIb5sDGoAQ-\/0\/1742824514021?e=1775692800&amp;v=beta&amp;t=WUdHs1PAUYE59-CUkgf4FXf8S4yDqUPbmdpOEQr2mDc\" alt=\"Panel discussion on stage\" width=\"925\" height=\"694\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"block-paragraph\">The discussion was structured around several key questions:<\/p>\n<p><!-- q1 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"emph-callout\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.2rem;\">1. How do vendors, operators, and regulators currently perceive Open RAN?<\/p>\n<p><em>Highlights:<\/em> Diverse perspectives \u2013 interest but interoperability concerns. In multi\u2011vendor scenarios, pinpointing performance issues becomes complex. Johann Marquez\u2011Barja proposed an <strong>orchestrator<\/strong> to oversee xApps and ensure accountability.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- q2 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"emph-callout\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.2rem;\">2. What are the key lessons from early Open RAN deployments?<\/p>\n<p><em>Highlights:<\/em> Interoperability and conflict mitigation challenges; diluted accountability; importance of data\u2011driven insights; innovation vs. management complexity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- q3 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"emph-callout\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.2rem;\">3. Are you optimistic about near\u2011term wide\u2011scale adoption of Open RAN?<\/p>\n<p><em>Highlights:<\/em> Cautious optimism \u2013 political push for competition, but technical hurdles remain (conflict mitigation, standards). Incremental adoption likely.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- q4 --><\/p>\n<div class=\"emph-callout\">\n<p style=\"font-weight: bold; font-size: 1.2rem;\">4. How to avoid creating \u201cislands of interoperability\u201d in Open RAN deployments?<\/p>\n<p><em>Highlights:<\/em> Universal interoperability is an ideal; small clusters may be inevitable. Policy coalitions and consortia can bridge islands. Orchestrators again seen as key to harmonisation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"divider\" \/>\n<p><!-- session 2 technical --><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"block-heading-3\">Session 2: Open Radio Access Networks \u2013 Technical Presentations<\/h3>\n<p class=\"block-paragraph\"><strong>Chair:<\/strong> Dr. Nima Afraz, University College Dublin<\/p>\n<ul class=\"block-list\" style=\"margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\">\n<li><strong>Power\u2011Efficient RAN Intelligent Controllers Through Optimized KPI Monitoring<\/strong> \u2013 Lima, Katsaros, Nikitopoulos (Surrey, UK)<\/li>\n<li><strong>DERRIC: Decentralized Reinforced RAN Intelligent Controller Orchestration for 6G<\/strong> \u2013 Hashemi Nezhad, Di Maio, Braun (Bern, CH)<\/li>\n<li><strong>FlexScale: Scalable Management for Near\u2011RT RIC in O\u2011RAN<\/strong> \u2013 Kumar, Zitouni, Akbas, Foh (Surrey &amp; London Met, UK)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Learning and Reconstructing Conflicts in O\u2011RAN: A Graph Neural Network Approach<\/strong> \u2013 Zolghadr, Santos, DaSilva, Kibi\u0142da (Virginia Tech, USA &amp; TCD, IE)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Novel Fronthaul Control Method to Address the Fronthaul\/Air Interface Tradeoff<\/strong> \u2013 Larra\u00f1aga\u2011Zumeta, Villegas, Koutlia, Diez, Aguero, Lagen (CTTC &amp; UC, Spain)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- final group image (dynamic) --><\/p>\n<div class=\"image-block\">\n<figure><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"block-heading-3\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5rem;\">Key Takeaways &amp; Future Directions<\/h3>\n<ul class=\"block-list\">\n<li><strong>Interoperability &amp; Orchestration:<\/strong> Need for robust frameworks and orchestrators to manage multi\u2011vendor ecosystems.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Data\u2011Driven Optimization:<\/strong> ML and digital twins promise operational efficiency and energy savings.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Incremental Adoption:<\/strong> Universal interoperability is aspirational; consortia and standardised interfaces are pragmatic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Collaborative Ecosystem:<\/strong> Continuous cooperation among vendors, operators, regulators, and researchers is vital.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- small spacer --><\/p>\n<div style=\"height: 1.5rem;\"><\/div>\n<p><!-- final line with subtle mention of original ember ids (but hidden) --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- subtle footer (transparent to design) --><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 1rem 2rem 2rem 2rem; font-size: 0.85rem; color: #9aa9bb; border-top: 1px solid #ecf1f7;\">Open RAN Workshop \u00b7 24 March 2025 \u00b7 Milan<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nima Afraz Assistant Professor at University College Dublin \u00b7 Vice-Chair at Hyperledger Telecom SIG \u00b7 Economics of Networks, Infrastructure sharing, Network Virtualization, Blockchain March 24, 2025 \ud83d\udccd Location: Milan, Allianz Conference Centre \u2014 Aqua 1 \ud83d\udcc5 Date: March 24, 2025 Workshop Organisers: Nima Afraz (UCD, Ireland) Mohammad Shojafar (Surrey, UK) Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi (York, UK) David [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":331,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-330","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - 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